The Armenian National Philharmonic Orchestra (ANPO) was founded in 1925, as the Yerevan Conservatory Symphony Orchestra. Over the years, it has been directed by conductors Arshak Adamyan, Alexander Spendiaryan, Suren Charekyan, Gevork Budaghyan, Konstantin Saradjian, Mikael Maluntsyan, Ogan Durian, Mikael Terian, Ruben Vartanian, David Khandjian, Valery Gergiev, Vagan Papian, Loris Tjeknavorian and Mikael Avetisyan. In 2000, Eduard Topchjan was appointed its Artistic Director and Principal Conductor.
Since 1989, the ANPO has toured extensively throughout the U.S., Canada, Spain, Italy, France, Austria, Russia, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Greece, Iran, Lebanon, Turkey, the UAE, Japan, Germany, Slovakia, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Mexico and Poland. The orchestra participated in the events of the Year of Armenia in France, marking 100 years since the start of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire (2015), appeared in anniversary concerts and portrait concerts of Aram Khachaturian, Alexander Arutiunian, Arno Babajanian, Edvard Mirzoyan, Lazar Saryan, Avet Terterian, Edgar Oganesyan, Tigran Mansurian, Krzysztof Penderecki, Rodion Shchedrin, Gia Kancheli, and Sofya Gubaidulina. The musicians have appeared with David Oistrach, Leonid Kogan, Mstislav Rostropovitch, Sviatoslav Richter, Natalia Gutman, Pavel Lisitsian, Zara Dolukhanova, Jean Ter-Merguerian, Svetlana Navasardyan, Ruben Aharonyan, Renato Bruson, David Geringas, Yuri Bashmet, Steven Isserlis, Misha Mayski, Alexei Lubimov, Sergei Babayan, Sergey Khachatryan, Narek Hakhnazaryan, Plácido Domingo, Boris Berezovski, Alexander Melik-Pashayev, Kirill Kondrashin, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Kurt Masur, John Nelson and Krzysztof Penderecki.
The Armenian National Philharmonic Orchestra hosts the annual Yerevan International Music Festival, with Eduard Topchjan and Alexander Chaushian as artistic directors. The 10th anniversary edition, due in 2016, marks 25 years since the establishment of the Republic of Armenia.
Since 2016, the ANPO has been represented by the German branch of IMG Artists.